Given the following review process main activities and specific review activities:
* a. Planning
* b. Initiate review
* c. Issue communication and analysis d.Fixing and reporting
* 1. Creating defect reports
* 2. Estimating effort and timeframe
* 3. Recording updated status of defects
* 4. Selecting the people to participate
* 5. Distributing the work product and other material
* 6. Evaluating the review findings
Which of the following BEST matches the review process main activities with the appropriate specific review activities?
Correct Answer:
A
Matching the main review process activities with the specific review activities, we see that planning includes estimating effort and timeframe (2) and selecting people to participate (4). Initiating a review involves distributing work products and other material (5). Issue communication and analysis includes evaluating the review findings (6). Fixing and reporting would entail creating defect reports (1) and recording the updated status of defects (3).References:ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section 3.2 "Review Process".
Which of the following is true about Oracles?
Correct Answer:
A
An oracle is a mechanism or source that can provide the expected result for a given test input or situation. Sometimes old version of a product can be used as an oracle, if it is assumed that the old version behaves correctly for the test cases that are executed on the new version. This is also known as back-to-back testing. Oracles do not help in reproducing the irreproducible bugs, as they only provide the expected results, not the actual results. Oracles are not derived from the design, but from the requirements or specifications. Oracles cannot be generated automatically using data generators, as data generators only provide test inputs, not test outputs. Verified References: A Study Guide to the ISTQB® Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer, page 9.
As the last stage of a test cycle of an embedded device, you are performing exploratory testing. You observed that some character. (A, X and Z) sent via a serial port to the device do not get registered on the device whereas they should be. You suspect that this could be due to a wrong configuration of the "bit parity" parameter.
Which of the following items of an incident report would you be UNABLE to write down based on this information?
Correct Answer:
B
An incident report is a document that records the details of an incident. An incident report typically contains the following items:
✑ Identifier: A unique identifier for the incident report
✑ Summary: A concise summary of the incident
✑ Description: A detailed description of the incident, including the steps to reproduce it, the expected and actual results, and any relevant screenshots or logs
✑ Severity: The degree of impact that the incident has on the system
✑ Priority: The level of urgency for resolving the incident
✑ Status: The current state of the incident, such as new, open, resolved, closed, etc.
✑ Resolution: The action taken to resolve the incident, such as fix, workaround, reject, etc. Based on the information given in the question, the tester would be able to write down all of these items except for the test case identifier. A test case identifier is a unique identifier for a test case that is used to link it to other test artifacts, such as test plans, test scripts, test results or incident reports. However, since the tester is performing exploratory testing, there is no predefined test case that can be associated with the incident. Exploratory testing is an approach to testing that emphasizes learning, test design and test execution at the same time. Exploratory testing relies on the tester’s skills, creativity and intuition to explore the software under test and discover defects. Exploratory testing does not use formal test cases or scripts, but rather uses test charters or missions that guide the tester’s actions and objectives. Verified References: A Study Guide to the ISTQB® Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer, Chapter 3, page 32-33; Chapter 5, page 47-48.
Your manager asked you when testing will be complete. In order to answer this question, you'll most likely use:
Correct Answer:
A
When a manager asks when testing will be complete, the most appropriate and informative resource to provide an answer is test progress reports (Option A). Test progress reports contain detailed information on the status of testing activities, including what has been accomplished, what remains to be done, the results of the tests conducted, and any issues or risks that might impact the completion of testing. These reports allow for an informed assessment of the testing progress and estimation of when testing might be completed. Options B, C, and D do not provide the structured, detailed, and specific information required to accurately answer the manager's question about the completion of testing.
Which sequence of state transition stated in the answer choices is correct in accordance with the following figure depicting me life-cycle of a defect?
Correct Answer:
C
The figure depicts the life-cycle of a defect using state transition testing. State transition testing is a technique that models how a system transitions from one state to another depending on events or conditions. The figure shows six states (S0 to S5) and seven transitions (T0 to T6). The correct sequence of state transitions that follows the figure is S0->S1->S2->S3->S5->S1->S2->S3. This sequence represents the following scenario:
✑ S0: The defect is not yet detected (initial state).
✑ T0: The defect is detected by testing (event).
✑ S1: The defect is reported and registered (state).
✑ T1: The defect is assigned to a developer for fixing (event).
✑ S2: The defect is being fixed by the developer (state).
✑ T2: The developer fixes the defect and delivers a new version (event).
✑ S3: The defect is verified by testing (state).
✑ T5: The testing fails to confirm that the defect is fixed (event).
✑ S5: The defect is rejected by testing (state).
✑ T6: The defect is reassigned to a developer for fixing (event).
✑ S1: The defect is reported and registered (state).
✑ T1: The defect is assigned to a developer for fixing (event).
✑ S2: The defect is being fixed by the developer (state).
✑ T2: The developer fixes the defect and delivers a new version (event).
✑ S3: The defect is verified by testing (state). The other sequences are incorrect, as they do not follow the transitions shown in the figure. Verified References: [A Study Guide to the ISTQB® Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer], Chapter 4, page 40-41.
