AWS-Certified-Solutions-Architect-Professional Free Practice Test

- (Exam Topic 3)
A company is collecting a large amount of data from a fleet of loT devices Data is stored as Optimized Row Columnar (ORC) files in the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) on a persistent Amazon EMR cluster. The company's data analytics team queries the data by using SQL in Apache Presto deployed on the same EMR cluster Queries scan large amounts of data, always run for less than 15 minutes, and run only between 5 PM and 10 PM.
The company is concerned about the high cost associated with the current solution A solutions architect must propose the most cost-effective solution that will allow SQL data queries
Which solution will meet these requirements?

1. A. Store data in Amazon S3 Use Amazon Redshift Spectrum to query data.
2. B. Store data in Amazon S3 Use the AWS Glue Data Catalog and Amazon Athena to query data
3. C. Store data in EMR File System (EMRFS) Use Presto in Amazon EMR to query data
4. D. Store data in Amazon Redshif
5. E. Use Amazon Redshift to query data.

Correct Answer: B
(https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50250114/athena-vs-redshift-spectrum)

- (Exam Topic 1)
A solutions architect has developed a web application that uses an Amazon API Gateway Regional endpoint and an AWS Lambda function. The consumers of the web application are all close to the AWS Region where the application will be deployed. The Lambda function only queries an Amazon Aurora MySQL database. The solutions architect has configured the database to have three read replicas.
During testing, the application does not meet performance requirements. Under high load, the application opens a large number of database connections. The solutions architect must improve the application's performance.
Which actions should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

1. A. Use the cluster endpoint of the Aurora database.
2. B. Use RDS Proxy to set up a connection pool to the reader endpoint of the Aurora database.
3. C. Use the Lambda Provisioned Concurrency feature.
4. D. Move the code for opening the database connection in the Lambda function outside of the event handler.
5. E. Change the API Gateway endpoint to an edge-optimized endpoint.

Correct Answer: BD
Connect to RDS outside of Lambda handler method to improve performance https://awstut.com/en/2022/04/30/connect-to-rds-outside-of-lambda-handler-method-to-improve-performance-en
Using RDS Proxy, you can handle unpredictable surges in database traffic. Otherwise, these surges might cause issues due to oversubscribing connections or creating new connections at a fast rate. RDS Proxy establishes a database connection pool and reuses connections in this pool. This approach avoids the memory and CPU overhead of opening a new database connection each time. To protect the database against oversubscription, you can control the number of database connections that are created. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/AuroraUserGuide/rds-proxy.html

- (Exam Topic 1)
A company is building a serverless application that runs on an AWS Lambda function that is attached to a VPC. The company needs to integrate the application with a new service from an external provider. The external provider supports only requests that come from public IPv4 addresses that are in an allow list.
The company must provide a single public IP address to the external provider before the application can start using the new service.
Which solution will give the application the ability to access the new service?

1. A. Deploy a NAT gatewa
2. B. Associate an Elastic IP address with the NAT gatewa
3. C. Configure the VPC to use the NAT gateway.
4. D. Deploy an egress-only internet gatewa
5. E. Associate an Elastic IP address with the egress-only internet gatewa
6. F. Configure the elastic network interface on the Lambda function to use the egress-only internet gateway.
7. G. Deploy an internet gatewa
8. H. Associate an Elastic IP address with the internet gatewa
9. I. Configure theLambda function to use the internet gateway.
10. J. Deploy an internet gatewa
11. K. Associate an Elastic IP address with the internet gatewa
12. L. Configure the default route in the public VPC route table to use the internet gateway.

Correct Answer: A
This solution will give the Lambda function access to the internet by routing its outbound traffic through the NAT gateway, which has a public Elastic IP address. This will allow the external provider to whitelist the single public IP address associated with the NAT gateway, and enable the application to access the new service Deploying a NAT gateway and associating an Elastic IP address with it, and then configuring the VPC to use the NAT gateway, will give the application the ability to access the new service. This is because the NAT gateway will be the single public IP address that the external provider needs for the allow list. The NAT gateway will allow the application to access the service, while keeping the underlying Lambda functions private.
When configuring NAT gateways, you should ensure that the route table associated with the NAT gateway has a route to the internet gateway with a target of the internet gateway. Additionally, you should ensure that the security group associated with the NAT gateway allows outbound traffic from the Lambda functions.
References:
AWS Certified Solutions Architect Professional Official Amazon Text Book [1], page 456 https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/userguide/VPC_NAT_Gateway.html

- (Exam Topic 1)
A large mobile gaming company has successfully migrated all of its on-premises infrastructure to the AWS Cloud. A solutions architect is reviewing the environment to ensure that it was built according to the design and that it is running in alignment with the Well-Architected Framework.
While reviewing previous monthly costs in Cost Explorer, the solutions architect notices that the creation and subsequent termination of several large instance types account for a high proportion of the costs. The solutions architect finds out that the company's developers are launching new Amazon EC2 instances as part of their testing and that the developers are not using the appropriate instance types.
The solutions architect must implement a control mechanism to limit the instance types that only the developers can launch.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

1. A. Create a desired-instance-type managed rule in AWS Confi
2. B. Configure the rule with the instance types that are allowe
3. C. Attach the rule to an event to run each time a new EC2 instance is launched.
4. D. In the EC2 console, create a launch template that specifies the instance types that are allowe
5. E. Assign the launch template to the developers' IAM accounts.
6. F. Create a new IAM polic
7. G. Specify the instance types that are allowe
8. H. Attach the policy to an IAM group that contains the IAM accounts for the developers
9. I. Use EC2 Image Builder to create an image pipeline for the developers and assist them in the creation of a golden image.

Correct Answer: C
This is doable with IAM policy creation to restrict users to specific instance types. Found the below article. https://blog.vizuri.com/limiting-allowed-aws-instance-type-with-iam-policy

- (Exam Topic 1)
A company runs an loT platform on AWS loT sensors in various locations send data to the company's Node js API servers on Amazon EC2 instances running behind an Application Load Balancer The data is stored in an Amazon RDS MySQL DB instance that uses a 4 TB General Purpose SSD volume
The number of sensors the company has deployed in the field has increased over time and is expected to grow significantly The API servers are consistently overloaded and RDS metrics show high write latency
Which of the following steps together will resolve the issues permanently and enable growth as new sensors are provisioned, while keeping this platform cost-efficient? {Select TWO.)

1. A. Resize the MySQL General Purpose SSD storage to 6 TB to improve the volume's IOPS
2. B. Re-architect the database tier to use Amazon Aurora instead of an RDS MySQL DB instance and add read replicas
3. C. Leverage Amazon Kinesis Data Streams and AWS Lambda to ingest and process the raw data
4. D. Use AWS X-Ray to analyze and debug application issues and add more API servers to match the load
5. E. Re-architect the database tier to use Amazon DynamoDB instead of an RDS MySQL DB instance

Correct Answer: CE
Option C is correct because leveraging Amazon Kinesis Data Streams and AWS Lambda to ingest and process the raw data resolves the issues permanently and enable growth as new sensors are provisioned. Amazon Kinesis Data Streams is a serverless streaming data service that simplifies the capture, processing, and storage of data streams at any scale. Kinesis Data Streams can handle any amount of streaming data and process data from hundreds of thousands of sources with very low latency. AWS Lambda is a serverless compute service that lets you run code without provisioning or managing servers. Lambda can be triggered by Kinesis Data Streams events and process the data records in real time. Lambda can also scale automatically based on the incoming data volume. By using Kinesis Data Streams and Lambda, the company can reduce the load on the API servers and improve the performance and scalability of the data ingestion and processing layer3
Option E is correct because re-architecting the database tier to use Amazon DynamoDB instead of an RDS MySQL DB instance resolves the issues permanently and enable growth as new sensors are provisioned. Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed key-value and document database that delivers single-digit millisecond performance at any scale. DynamoDB supports auto scaling, which automatically adjusts read and write capacity based on actual traffic patterns. DynamoDB also supports on-demand capacity mode, which instantly accommodates up to double the previous peak traffic on a table. By using DynamoDB instead of RDS MySQL DB instance, the company can eliminate high write latency and improve scalability and performance of the database tier.
References: 1: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ebs-volume-types.html 2:
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/AuroraUserGuide/CHAP_AuroraOverview.html 3: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/streams/latest/dev/introduction.html : https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/welcome.html : https://docs.aws.amazon.com/xray/latest/devguide/aws-xray.html : https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazondynamodb/latest/developerguide/Introduction.html :